Opposing functions of the Ets factors NERF and ELF-1 during chicken blood vessel development

Objective-The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of the Ets factor NERF in the regulation of the Tie1 and Tie2 genes during chicken blood vessel development. Methods and Results-We have isolated the full-length cDNA for the chicken homologue of the human Ets factor NERF2 (cNERF2). Northern blot analysis and in situ hybridization demonstrate that cNERF2 is enriched in the developing blood vessels of the chicken chorioallantoic membrane. Interestingly, cNERF2 functions as a competitive inhibitor of a highly related Ets factor cELF-1 which we have previously shown to be enriched in chicken blood vessel development. Although in vitro-translated cELF-1 and cNERF2 can bind equally well to conserved Ets binding sites in the promoters of the Tie1 and Tie2 genes, cELF-1 preferentially binds to the Ets sites in these promoters during early stages of chicken blood vessel development, suggesting that cNERF may bind during later stages of blood vessel development and vascular remodeling. Conclusions-cNERF2 is enriched during embryonic and extraembryonic blood vessel development in the chicken and facilitates tight control of Tie1 and Tie2 gene regulation.