L-vinylglycine is an alternative substrate as well as a mechanism-based inhibitor of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase

L-Vinylglycine (L-VG) has been shown to be a mechanism-based inhibitor of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase [Satoh, S., and Yang, S. F. (1989) Plant Physiol. 91, 1036-1039] as well as of other pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzymes. This report demonstrates that L-VC is primarily an alternative substrate for the enzyme. The L-VG deaminase activity of ACC synthase yields the products alpha-ketobutyrate and ammonia with a k(cat) value of 1.8 s(-1) and a K-m value of 1.4 mM. The k(cat)/K-m of 1300 M-1 s(-1) is 0.17% that of the diffusion-controlled reaction with the preferred substrate, S-adenosyl-L-methionine. The enzyme-L-VG complex partitions to products 500 times for every inactivation event. The catalytic mechanism proceeds through a spectrophotometrically detected quinonoid with lambda(max) of 530 nm, which must rearrange to a 2-aminocrotonate aldimine to yield final products. Alternative mechanisms for the inactivation reaction are presented, and the observed kinetics for the full reaction course are satisfactorily modeled by kinetic simulation. The inactive enzyme is an aldimine with lambda(max) of 432 nm. It is resistant to NaBH3CN but is reduced by NaBH4. ACC synthase is now expressed in Pichia pastoris with an improved yield of 10 mg/L.