Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in human luteinizing granulosa cells and its correlation with the response to controlled ovarian hyperstimulation

Ovulation induction represents one of the most important steps for the success of assisted reproductive technology (ART) procedures. To better understand the mechanisms that regulate follicle growth, oocyte maturation, and ovarian steroidogenesis, we investigated the correlations between vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene expression in human luteinizing granulosa cells, steroid production and oocyte retrieval in patients undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation. We evaluated the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) for VEGF in human luteinizing granulosa cells obtained at the time of oocyte retrieval from 24 women participating in art in vitro fertilization program at the Reproductive Endocrinology Center of our Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. We found a positive linear correlation of VEGF mRNA with estradiol and progesterone serum levels at the day of oocyte retrieval (p < 0.05). Furthermore, VEGF mRNA expression was significantly higher in granulosa cells obtained from patients with an elevated number of oocytes and high fertilization rate (p < 0.05). Our data confirm that VEGF may play an important role in the regulation of vascular development during follicular growth and luteal differentiation.