β2-agonists at the Olympic Games

被引:45
作者
Fitch, Kenneth D. [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Western Australia, Sch Human Movement & Exercise Sci, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
关键词
asthma; beta(2)-agonists; Olympics; doping; performance;
D O I
10.1385/CRIAI:31:2:259
中图分类号
R392 [医学免疫学];
学科分类号
100102 [免疫学];
摘要
The different approaches that the International Olympic Committee (IOC) had adopted to beta(2)-agonists and the implications for athletes are reviewed by a former Olympic team physician who later became a member of the Medical Commission of the IOC (IOC-MC). Steadily increasing knowledge of the effects of inhaled beta(2)-agonists on health, is concerned with the fact that oral beta(2)-agonists may be anabolic, and rapid increased use of inhaled beta(2)-agonists by elite athletes has contributed to the changes to the IOC rules. Since 2001, the necessity for athletes to meet IOC criteria (i.e., that they have asthma and / or exercise-induced asthma [EIA]) has resulted in imporved management of athletes. The prevalence of beta(2)-agonist use by athletes mirrors the known prevalence of asthma symptoms in each country, although athletes in endurance events have the highest prevalence. The age-of-onset of asthma / EIA in elite winter athletes may be atypical. Of the 193 athletes at the 2006 Winter Olympics who met th IOC's criteria, only 32.1% had childhood asthma and 48.7% of athletes reported onset at age 20 yr or older. These findings lead to speculation that years of intense endurance training may be a causative factor in bronchial hyperreactivity. The distinction between oral (prohibited in sports) and inhaled salbutamol. is possible, but athletes must be warned that excessive use of inhaled salbutamol can lead to urinary concentrations similar to those observed after oral administration. This article provides justification that athletes should provide evidence of asthma or EIA before being permitted to use inhaled beta(2)-agonists.
引用
收藏
页码:259 / 268
页数:10
相关论文
共 41 条
[1]
Anderson SD, 2005, EUR RESPIR MONOGR, P48
[2]
Long-acting β2-adrenoceptor agonists and exercise-induced asthma: Lessons to guide us in the future [J].
Anderson S.D. ;
Brannan J.D. .
Pediatric Drugs, 2004, 6 (3) :161-175
[3]
Bronchial challenges in athletes applying to inhale a β2-agonist at the 2004 Summer Olympics [J].
Anderson, SD ;
Sue-Chu, M ;
Perry, CP ;
Gratziou, C ;
Kippelen, P ;
McKenzie, DC ;
Beck, KC ;
Fitch, KD .
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY, 2006, 117 (04) :767-773
[4]
Responses to bronchial challenge submitted for approval to use inhaled β2-agonists before an event at the 2002 Winter Olympics [J].
Anderson, SD ;
Fitch, K ;
Perry, CP ;
Sue-Chu, M ;
Crapo, R ;
McKenzie, D ;
Magnussen, H .
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY, 2003, 111 (01) :45-50
[5]
[Anonymous], 1992, CLIN J SPORT MED
[6]
Worldwide variation in prevalence of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and atopic eczema:: ISAAC [J].
Beasley, R ;
Keil, U ;
von Mutius, E ;
Pearce, N ;
Aït-Khaled, N ;
Anabwani, G ;
Anderson, HR ;
Asher, MI ;
Björkstéin, B ;
Burr, ML ;
Clayton, TO ;
Crane, J ;
Ellwood, P ;
Lai, CKW ;
Mallol, J ;
Martinez, FD ;
Mitchell, EA ;
Montefort, S ;
Robertson, CF ;
Shah, JR ;
Sibbald, B ;
Stewart, AW ;
Strachan, DP ;
Weiland, SK ;
Williams, HC .
LANCET, 1998, 351 (9111) :1225-1232
[7]
Bergés R, 2000, CLIN CHEM, V46, P1365
[8]
Bjermer L, 2005, EUR RESPIR MONOGR, P19
[9]
Can asthma treatment in sports be doping?: The effect of the rapid onset, long-acting inhaled β2-agonist formoterol upon endurance performance in healthy well-trained athletes [J].
Carlsen, KH ;
Hem, E ;
Stensrud, T ;
Held, T ;
Herland, K ;
Mowinckel, P .
RESPIRATORY MEDICINE, 2001, 95 (07) :571-576
[10]
CARUSO JF, 1995, MED SCI SPORT EXER, V27, P1471