Sustainable energy options for Pakistan

被引:176
作者
Asif, M. [1 ]
机构
[1] Glasgow Caledonian Univ, Sch Built & Nat Environm, Glasgow G4 0BA, Lanark, Scotland
关键词
Sustainability; Renewable energy; Fossil fuels; Hydropower; Solar energy; Biomass; Wind power; PROSPECTS;
D O I
10.1016/j.rser.2008.04.001
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
083001 [环境科学];
摘要
With the advent of the year 2008, Pakistan faces a gap of 4500 MW between the demand and supply of electricity, registering a shortfall of 40%. The article provides an overview of the key dimensions of the crisis, i.e. growing gap between demand and supply, diminishing indigenous oil and gas reserves, rising energy cost and security concerns. It also explores hydropower, solar energy, biomass and wind power as sustainable energy options for the country. In has been found that the total estimated hydropower potential is more than 42 GW out of which only 6.5 GW has been tapped so far. In terms of available solar energy Pakistan is amongst the richest countries in the world, having an annual global irradiance value of 1900-2200 kWh/m(2). Despite that fact that the biomass plays an important role in the primary energy mix by contributing to 36% of the total supplies, it has not managed to break into the commercial energy market. Wind power, also been identified as a potential source of energy, is yet to take off. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:903 / 909
页数:7
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