Expression of the long (OB-RB) and short (OB-RA) forms of the leptin receptor throughout the oestrous cycle in the mature rat ovary

Leptin is secreted by adipocytes and exerts its effects by interacting with the long form of the leptin receptor, OB-RB. The leptin protein and leptin receptors have been localized in the ovary, and acute leptin treatment directly inhibits ovulation in the rat ovary. It was hypothesized that expression of the leptin receptor gene varies throughout the oestrous cycle to modulate the sensitivity of the ovary to leptin. In this study, expression of genes for the long and short isoforms of the leptin receptor in the adult ovary was investigated at different stages of the rat oestrous cycle. Vaginal cytology was used to determine the stage of the oestrous cycle. Ovaries were collected and RNA was extracted for real-time RT-PCR analysis of leptin receptor gene expression. OR-RB gene expression was low in prooestrus (3.13 +/- 0.18 fg RNA per mug total DNA) and dioestrus II (2.52 +/- 0.19 fg RNA per mug total DNA) of the oestrous cycle, whereas expression was high in oestrus (5.9 +/- 0.27 fg RNA per mug total DNA) and dioestrus I (4.6 +/- 0.24 fg RNA per mug total DNA) (P<0.001). Expression of the gene for the short form of the leptin receptor (OB-RA) was at a maximum in dioestrus I (65.5 +/- 0.8 fg RNA per ng total DNA), high in oestrus (39.0 +/- 0.8 fg RNA per ng total DNA) and low at prooestrus (5.0 +/- 0.2 fg RNA per ng total DNA) and dioestrus II (1.1 +/- 0.09 fg RNA per ng total DNA) (P < 0.001). Plasma oestradiol concentrations (pg ml(-1)) were highest at pro-oestrus (19.38 +/- 1.3), and similar at the remaining three stages studied (oestrus: 13.7 +/- 1.9; dioestrus I: 12.4 +/- 1.0; dioestrus II: 10.3 +/- 0.9) (P < 0.05). Plasma progesterone concentrations (ng ml-1) were higher in the luteal phases of the oestrous cycle (dioestrus I: 18.6 +/- 2.3; dioestrus II: 14.7 +/- 2.5) than during pro-oestrus (5.12 +/- 0.6) and oestrus (5.9 +/- 0.8) (P < 0.05). Plasma leptin concentrations were detectable only in pro-oestrus (0.35 +/- 0.05 ng ml(-1)) and were below the detection limit of the assay at other stages of the oestrous cycle. In summary, mRNA content for the long and short isoforms of the leptin receptor is lower in pro-oestrus and dioestrus II than in oestrus and dioestrus I of the rat oestrous cycle. The fluctuations in leptin receptor mRNA content may be a response to the concentrations of circulating steroid hormones and leptin. This research supports the initial hypothesis and shows that ovarian leptin receptor concentrations vary throughout the oestrous cycle in response to the changing environment of the ovary.