Gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial toxins in sepsis A brief review

被引:322
作者
Ramachandran, Girish [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Med, Ctr Vaccine Dev, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
关键词
sepsis; LPS; superantigens; TLR4; TNF alpha; cytokine storm; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; ANTHRAX LETHAL TOXIN; STAPHYLOCOCCAL-ENTEROTOXIN-B; T-LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION; RECEPTOR BETA-CHAIN; SHOCK-SYNDROME; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; SEPTIC SHOCK; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; INHALATIONAL ANTHRAX;
D O I
10.4161/viru.27024
中图分类号
R392 [医学免疫学]; Q939.91 [免疫学];
学科分类号
071005 [微生物学]; 100108 [医学免疫学];
摘要
Bacterial sepsis is a major cause of fatality worldwide. Sepsis is a multi-step process that involves an uncontrolled inflammatory response by the host cells that may result in multi organ failure and death. Both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria play a major role in causing sepsis. These bacteria produce a range of virulence factors that enable them to escape the immune defenses and disseminate to remote organs, and toxins that interact with host cells via specific receptors on the cell surface and trigger a dysregulated immune response. Over the past decade, our understanding of toxins has markedly improved, allowing for new therapeutic strategies to be developed. This review summarizes some of these toxins and their role in sepsis.
引用
收藏
页码:213 / 218
页数:6
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