Congenital cytomegalovirus infection: Review of the epidemiology and outcome

被引:185
作者
Gaytant, MA
Steegers, EAP
Semmekrot, BA
Merkus, HMMW
Galama, JMD
机构
[1] Univ St Radboud, Med Ctr, Virol Sect, Dept Med Microbiol, St Radboud, Netherlands
[2] Univ St Radboud, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, St Radboud, Netherlands
[3] Canisius Wilhelmina Hosp, Dept Pediat, Nijmegen, Netherlands
[4] Erasmus Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Rotterdam, Netherlands
关键词
D O I
10.1097/00006254-200204000-00024
中图分类号
R71 [妇产科学];
学科分类号
100211 ;
摘要
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is one of the most common viral causes of congenital infection. A future decision to lower its incidence by vaccination will depend on epidemiological conditions within a country and on the safety of the vaccine to be used, because a life vaccine may cause latency and subsequent reactivation that still may harm the fetus. The aim was to review the epidemiological studies published so far, with respect to factors that affect the incidence of congenital CMV infection, and factors that may influence its outcome, such as preexisting maternal immunity. The study included the data of 19 studies that were retrieved from a MEDLINE search during the period 1977 to 1997. The incidence of congenital CMV infection varied between 0.15% and 2.0% and seemed to correlate with the level of preexisting immunity in the population. Although preexisting maternal immunity was reported to strongly reduce transmission, the severity of congenital CMV infection (symptoms at birth and or sequelae later in life) was not significantly greater after virus transmission due to a primary infection of the mother as compared with recurrence or reinfection. The data indicate that preexisting immunity of the mother does not significantly mitigate the outcome of congenital infection. Moreover, life vaccines may bear a serious risk when transmittable to the fetus.
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页码:245 / 256
页数:12
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