Long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency and early-onset liver cirrhosis in two siblings

We present the clinical, pathological, biochemical, and molecular results on an infant girl with long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency and data on her deceased elder brother for whom this condition was retrospectively diagnosed. Clinical signs were liver enlargement and elevated liver enzymes, failure to thrive, and neurological disease (coma, seizures) triggered by an infectious stress. In the second child hepatic failure and status epilepticus developed during the onset of a rotavirus gastroenteritis. A barbituric coma was induced, but hypotonia and lack of eye pursuit persisted after suppression of antiepileptic drugs. She ultimately died of heart failure. Unlike previously reported cases, both of these patients had early-onset cirrhosis, and severe neurological disease was observed in the second child. Conclusion Liver cirrhosis and brain damage may be underestimated in cases of long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency and may occur early in life.