Polarities of ferroelectric 180 degrees domains observed using scanning electron microscopy and a liquid toner method in an uncoated triglycine sulfate crystal

被引:27
作者
Ozaki, T [1 ]
Fujii, K [1 ]
Aoyagi, S [1 ]
机构
[1] JEOL LTD,YODOGAWA KU,KANSAI APPLICAT RES CTR,OSAKA 532,JAPAN
关键词
D O I
10.1063/1.362980
中图分类号
O59 [应用物理学];
学科分类号
摘要
Both scanning electron microscopy and a liquid toner method have been carried out on an identical uncoated b plate of triglycine sulfate (TGS), to clarify the correspondence between the polarities of ferroelectric 180 degrees domains and the contrast of their secondary electron images (SEI). It has been found that the contrast between the ends of adjacent 180 degrees domains is reversed in a toner pattern, as well as in an SEI, between two temperature regions above and below the aging temperature T-a. This is attributed to the change in the sign of the total surface charge density sigma(t) at T-a, which consists of spontaneous polarization P-s and true charge density sigma(n) on the ends of adjacent domains. The magnitude of sigma(n), which exactly neutralizes P-s at T-a, remains almost unchanged while the magnitude of P-s increases with decreasing temperature. Negatively charged toner particles are adsorbed on the end with sigma(t)>0 of each domain, which corresponds to the (+) domain of P-s>0 below T-a and the (-) domain of P-s<O above T-a. It has been determined, on the basis of the above sign of P-s, that the end with sigma(t)<0 of each domain is observed to be bright in the SEI, which corresponds to the (-) domain below T-a and the (+) domain above T-a. Electric fields generated both inside and outside the TGS plate can contribute to the secondary electron emission from the end with sigma(t)<0 of each 180 degrees domain. (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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页码:1697 / 1703
页数:7
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