Application of semi-distributed hydrological model for basin level water balance of the Ken basin of Central India

In the present study, a semi-distributed hydrological model soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) has been employed for the Ken basin of Central India to predict the water balance. The entire basin was divided into ten sub basins comprising 107 hydrological response units on the basis of unique slope, soil and land cover classes using SWAT model. Sensitivity analysis of SWAT model was performed to examine the critical input variables of the study area. For Ken basin, curve number, available water capacity, soil depth, soil evaporation compensation factor and threshold depth of water in the shallow aquifer (GWQ_MN) were found to be the most sensitive parameters. Yearly and monthly calibration (1985-1996) and validation (1997-2009) were performed using the observed discharge data of the Banda site in the Ken basin. Performance evaluation of the model was carried out using coefficient of determination, Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency, root mean square error-observations standard deviation ratio, percent bias and index of agreement criterion. It was found that SWAT model can be successfully applied for hydrological evaluation of the Ken basin, India. The water balance analysis was carried out to evaluate water balance of the Ken basin for 25years (1985-2009). The water balance exhibited that the average annual rainfall in the Ken basin is about 1132mm. In this, about 23% flows out as surface run-off, 4% as groundwater flow and about 73% as evapotranspiration. Copyright (c) 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.