Spatial and social dimensions of commuting

This article presents an empirical study aimed at filling in some gaps in the understanding of commuting patterns in large metropolitan areas of the United States. It addresses two questions. First, does commute time vary substantially and systematically among neighborhoods located in the central city? Second, what are the main factors that can explain variations in commute time? Thematic maps for the 20 largest U.S, metropolitan areas and regression models for the Boston case reveal important spatial and social dimensions of commuting. The main findings are: (1) commute time tends to be longer for low-income minorities than for other residents of the central city; (2) the urban spatial structure is highly significant and important in explaining variations in commute time; and (3) a considerable number of other factors also influence commute duration. implications of these findings are discussed.