Context and the interpretation of likelihood information: The role of intergroup comparisons on perceived vulnerability

被引:53
作者
Windschitl, PD [1 ]
Martin, R [1 ]
Flugstad, AR [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Iowa, Dept Psychol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
关键词
D O I
10.1037//0022-3514.82.5.742
中图分类号
B84 [心理学];
学科分类号
04 ; 0402 ;
摘要
Four experiments investigated how people's perceptions about a group's (e.g., women's) vulnerability to a disease are influenced by information about the prevalence of the disease in a comparable group (e.g., men). Participants read symptom and prevalence information about fictitious diseases before answering questions regarding target group vulnerability, Participants used the prevalence rate for a nontarget group as an immediate comparison standard for intuitively interpreting the degree of vulnerability of a target group, resulting in robust contrast effects. Experiments 3 and 4 illustrated that these contrast effects can cause a person's intuitive perceptions about a group's vulnerability to selected diseases to conflict with his or her knowledge of the prevalence rates for the diseases. The results support a distinction between 2 components of psychological uncertainty-beliefs in objective probability and more intuitive perceptions of certainty.
引用
收藏
页码:742 / 755
页数:14
相关论文
共 73 条
[1]  
Ajzen I, 1985, ACTION CONTROL COGNI, P11, DOI DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-69746-3_2
[2]  
[Anonymous], 1990, SOCIAL JUDGMENT
[3]   THE MODERATOR MEDIATOR VARIABLE DISTINCTION IN SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL-RESEARCH - CONCEPTUAL, STRATEGIC, AND STATISTICAL CONSIDERATIONS [J].
BARON, RM ;
KENNY, DA .
JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, 1986, 51 (06) :1173-1182
[4]   Simultaneous assimilation and contrast effects in judgments of self and others [J].
Biernat, M ;
Manis, M ;
Kobrynowicz, D .
JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, 1997, 73 (02) :254-269
[5]   SHIFTING STANDARDS AND STEREOTYPE-BASED JUDGMENTS [J].
BIERNAT, M ;
MANIS, M .
JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, 1994, 66 (01) :5-20
[6]   STEREOTYPES AND STANDARDS OF JUDGMENT [J].
BIERNAT, M ;
MANIS, M ;
NELSON, TE .
JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, 1991, 60 (04) :485-499
[7]   Can the same information be typical and atypical?: How perceived typicality moderates assimilation and contrast in evaluative judgments [J].
Bless, H ;
Wänke, M .
PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN, 2000, 26 (03) :306-314
[8]   STIMULUS-SIMILARITY AND THE ANCHORING OF SUBJECTIVE SCALES [J].
BROWN, DR .
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY, 1953, 66 (02) :199-214
[9]   CONTEXT EFFECTS WITH JUDGMENTAL LANGUAGE THAT IS ABSOLUTE, EXTENSIVE, AND EXTRA-EXPERIMENTALLY ANCHORED [J].
CAMPBELL, DT ;
LEWIS, NA ;
HUNT, WA .
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY, 1958, 55 (03) :220-228
[10]  
Chen S, 1999, DUAL-PROCESS THEORIES IN SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, P73