Hydrogenation of 1,3-butadiene on platinum surfaces of different structures

1,3-butadiene hydrogenation is studied on platinum foil and Pt(111), Pt(100), Pt(755) single-crystal surfaces at 300-375 K. The results are compared with the data of alkene hydrogenation reactions. Similar to the hydrogenation kinetics of butenes, 1,3-butadiene hydrogenation exhibits near zeroth-order dependence on hydrocarbon and near first-order dependence on hydrogen pressure. With the same hydrocarbon (3.5-70 Torr) and hydrogen (14-140 Torr) pressure, the rate of 1,3-butadiene hydrogenation is one order of magnitude lower than for the rates for n-butenes. The hydrogenation products include l-butene, trans- and cis-2-butene, and n-butane. The reaction selectivity is independent of reactant mixture and platinum surface structure, but changes slightly as a function of reaction temperature. The butene product distribution is determined by surface reaction kinetics. While 1-butene is thermodynamically less stable than trans- and cis-2-butene, it is the major butene product in 1,3-butadiene hydrogenation.