Belowground consequences of vegetation change and their treatment in models

被引:106
作者
Jackson, RB [1 ]
Schenk, HJ
Jobbágy, EG
Canadell, J
Colello, GD
Dickinson, RE
Field, CB
Friedlingstein, P
Heimann, M
Hibbard, K
Kicklighter, DW
Kleidon, A
Neilson, RP
Parton, WJ
Sala, OE
Sykes, MT
机构
[1] Duke Univ, Dept Bot, Durham, NC 27708 USA
[2] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA
[3] Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA
[4] CSIRO, Div Wildlife & Ecol, Lyneham, ACT 2602, Australia
[5] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Plant Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
[6] Univ Arizona, Inst Atmospher Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
[7] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA
[8] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany
[9] Univ New Hampshire, Climate Change Res Ctr, GAIM Task Force, Durham, NH 03824 USA
[10] Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA
[11] US Forest Serv, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
[12] Colorado State Univ, Dept Rangeland Ecosyst Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA
[13] Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Agron, Dept Ecol, RA-1417 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina
[14] Lund Univ, Global Syst Grp, S-22362 Lund, Sweden
关键词
belowground processes and global change; biogeochemistry; ecosystem models; global change; plant life forms; roots; shrub encroachment; soil carbon and nutrients; water balance;
D O I
10.1890/1051-0761(2000)010[0470:BCOVCA]2.0.CO;2
中图分类号
Q14 [生态学(生物生态学)];
学科分类号
071012 [生物信息与计算生物学]; 0713 [生态学];
摘要
The extent and consequences of global land-cover and land-use change are increasingly apparent. One consequence not so apparent is the altered structure of plants belowground. This paper examines such belowground changes, emphasizing the interaction of altered root distributions with other factors and their treatment in models. Shifts of woody and herbaceous vegetation with deforestation, afforestation, and woody plant encroachment typically alter the depth and distribution of plant rests, influencing soil nutrients, the water balance, and net primary productivity (NPP). For example, our analysis of global soil data sets shows that the major plant nutrients C, N, P, and K are more shallowly distributed than are Ca, Mg, and Na, but patterns for each element vary with the dominant vegetation type. After controlling for climate, soil C and N are distributed more deeply in arid shrublands than in arid grasslands, and subhumid forests have shallower nutrient distributions than do subhumid grasslands. Consequently, changes in vegetation may influence the distribution of soil carbon and nutrients over time (perhaps decades to centuries). Shifts in the water balance are typically much more rapid. Catchment studies indicate that the water yield decreases 25-40 mm for each 10% increase in tree cover, and increases in transpiration of water taken up by deep roots may account for as much as 50% of observed responses. Because models are increasingly important for predicting the consequences of vegetation change, we discuss the treatment of belowground processes and how different treatments affect model outputs. Whether models are parameterized by biome or plant life form (or neither), use single or multiple soil layers, or include N and water limitation will all affect predicted outcomes. Acknowledging and understanding such differences should help constrain predictions of vegetation change.
引用
收藏
页码:470 / 483
页数:14
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