The effect of calcination temperature on the crystallinity of TiO2 nanopowders

TiO2 nanopowders have been prepared using 0.1 M titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) in varied pH aqueous solution containing TMC and NP-204 surfactants. Only the powder acquired from a solution of pH = 2 has a regular particle size distribution. Anatase phase powders are obtained by calcination in nitrogen in the 250-500degreesC temperature range. When calcined at 400degreesC, the diameter of the nanoparticles is approximately 10 nm with a specific surface area of 106.9 m(2)/g. As the calcination temperature is increased, the particle size increases. Rutile phase powders are formed at calcination temperatures above 600degreesC. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.