A spectro-astrometric study of southern pre-main sequence stars - Binaries, outflows, and disc structure down to AU scales

We present spectro-astrometric observations for 28 southern pre-main sequence (PMS) stars and investigate their circumstellar environment down to AU scales. The structures detected in the "position spectra" include: (1) almost all the known binary companions in our sample (Sz 68, Sz 41, HO Lup, VW Cha, S CrA, AS 205), (2) companion candidates which have not been detected by infrared speckle techniques (T CrA, MWC 300), (3) monopolar and bipolar jets (AS 353A, CS Cha), (4) a combination of jets and a bow shock (VV CrA), and (5) a combination of a jet and stellar companion (R CrA). Results in known binaries show that this technique is capable of detecting binaries with separations down to similar to10 milliarcsec. Both components in each binary appear to have strikingly similar profiles in Ha emission, indicating a similarity of circumstellar activity (mass accretion and/or a wind), and supporting the scenario of core fragmentation for the mechanism of binary formation. The bipolar Halpha jet in CS Cha has a spatial scale of similar to1.5 AU, similar to that previously observed in RU Lup, and likely be heated by a mechanism other than shocks. From the spatial scale, velocity, and Halpha luminosity, we estimate the mean hydrogen density in the AU-scale bipolar flows to be greater than or similar to10(7) cm(-3). The bipolar geometry in these jets can be explained by the presence of a disc gap/hole at AU scales, which could be induced by a gas-giant planet at the ice condensation radius.