Selegiline metabolism and cytochrome P450 enzymes:: In vitro study in human liver microsomes

Although being a drug therapeutically used for a long time, the enzymatic metabolism of selegiline has not been adequately studied. In the current work we have studied the cytochrome P450 (CYP)-catalyzed oxidative metabolism of selegiline to desmethylselegiline and 1-methamphetamine and the effects of selegiline, desmethylselegiline and 1-methamphetamine on hepatic CYP enzymes in human liver microsomes in vitro. The apparent K-m values for desmethylselegiline and 1-methamphetamine formation were on an average 149 mu M and 293 mu M, and the apparent V-max values, 243 pmol/ min./mg and 1351 pmol/min./mg, respectively. Furafylline and ketoconazole, the known reference inhibitors for CYP1A2 and CYP3A4, respectively, inhibited the formation of desmethylselegiline with K-i value of 1.7 mu M and 15 mu M. Ketoconazole inhibited also the formation of 1-methamphetamine with K-i of 18 mu M. Fluvoxamine, an inhibitor of CYP1A2, CYP2C19 and CYP3A4, inhibited the formation of desmethylselegiline and 1-methamphetamine with K-i values of 9 and 25 mu M, respectively. On the basis of these results we suggest that CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 contribute to the formation of desmethylselegiline and that CYP3A4 participates in the formation of 1-methamphetamine. In studies with CYP-specific model activities, both selegiline and desmethylselegiline inhibited the CYP2C19-mediated S-mephenytoin 4'-hydroxylation with average IC50 values of 21 mu M and 26 mu M, respectively. The K-i for selegiline was determined to be around 7 mu M. Selegiline inhibited CYP1A2-mediated ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation with a K-i value of 76 mu M. Inhibitory potencies of selegiline, desmethylselegiline and 1-methamphetamine towards other CYP-model activities were much lower. On this basis, selegiline and desmethylselegiline were shown to have a relatively high affinity for CYP2C19, but no evidence about selegiline metabolism by CYP2C19 was obtained.