Extreme particle acceleration in the microquasar Cygnus X-3

被引：161

作者：

Tavani, M. ^{[1
,2
,3
,4
]}

Bulgarelli, A. ^{[5
]}

Piano, G. ^{[1
,4
]}

Sabatini, S. ^{[2
,4
]}

Striani, E. ^{[2
,4
]}

Evangelista, Y. ^{[1
]}

Trois, A. ^{[1
]}

Pooley, G. ^{[6
]}

Trushkin, S. ^{[7
]}

Nizhelskij, N. A. ^{[7
]}

McCollough, M. ^{[8
]}

Koljonen, K. I. I. ^{[9
]}

Pucella, G. ^{[10
]}

Giuliani, A. ^{[11
]}

Chen, A. W. ^{[3
,11
]}

Costa, E. ^{[1
]}

Vittorini, V. ^{[1
,3
]}

Trifoglio, M. ^{[5
]}

Gianotti, F. ^{[5
]}

Argan, A. ^{[1
]}

Barbiellini, G. ^{[3
,12
,13
]}

Caraveo, P. ^{[11
]}

Cattaneo, P. W. ^{[14
]}

Cocco, V. ^{[2
]}

Contessi, T. ^{[11
]}

D'Ammando, F. ^{[1
,2
]}

Del Monte, E. ^{[1
]}

De Paris, G. ^{[1
]}

Di Cocco, G. ^{[5
]}

Di Persio, G. ^{[1
]}

Donnarumma, I. ^{[1
]}

Feroci, M. ^{[1
]}

Ferrari, A. ^{[3
,15
]}

Fuschino, F. ^{[5
]}

Galli, M. ^{[16
]}

Labanti, C. ^{[5
]}

Lapshov, I. ^{[17
]}

Lazzarotto, F. ^{[1
]}

Lipari, P. ^{[18
,19
]}

Longo, F. ^{[12
,13
]}

Mattaini, E.

Marisaldi, M. ^{[5
]}

Mastropietro, M. ^{[20
]}

Mauri, A. ^{[5
]}

Mereghetti, S. ^{[11
]}

Morelli, E. ^{[5
]}

Morselli, A. ^{[4
]}

Pacciani, L. ^{[1
]}

Pellizzoni, A. ^{[21
]}

Perotti, F. ^{[11
]}

机构：

[1] INAF IASF Roma, I-00133 Rome, Italy

[2] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy

[3] Consorzio Interuniv Fis Spaziale, I-10133 Turin, Italy

[4] INFN Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy

[5] INAF IASF Bologna, I-40129 Bologna, Italy

[6] Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Astrophys Grp, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England

[7] RAS, Special Astrophys Observ, Nizhnii Arkhyz 36916, Russia

[8] Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA

[9] TKK Metsahovi Radio Observ, Kylmala 02540, Finland

[10] ENEA Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, RM, Italy

[11] INAF IASF Milano, I-20133 Milan, Italy

[12] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy

[13] INFN Trieste, I-34012 Trieste, Italy

[14] INFN Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy

[15] Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis, I-10125 Turin, Italy

[16] ENEA Bologna, I-40128 Bologna, Italy

[17] IKI, Moscow 117997, Russia

[18] INFN Roma 1, I-00185 Rome, Italy

[19] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy

[20] CNR, IMIP, I-00016 Rome, Italy

[21] INAF Osservatorio Astron Cagliari, I-09012 Cagliari, Italy

[22] Univ Insubria, Dipartimento Fis, I-22100 Como, Italy

[23] INAF IASF Palermo, I-90146 Palermo, Italy

[24] ESRIN, ASI Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Frascati, Italy

[25] Osserv Astron Roma, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy

[26] Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, I-00198 Rome, Italy

来源：

NATURE | 2009年 / 462卷 / 7273期

关键词：

FALSE-DISCOVERY RATE; X-RAY; EMISSION-LINES; RADIO; JET;

D O I：

10.1038/nature08578

中图分类号：

O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];

学科分类号：

07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;

摘要：

Super-massive black holes in active galaxies can accelerate particles to relativistic energies(1), producing jets with associated c-ray emission. Galactic 'microquasars', which are binary systems consisting of a neutron star or stellar-mass black hole accreting gas from a companion star, also produce relativistic jets, generally together with radio flares(2). Apart from an isolated event detected(3) in Cygnus X-1, there has hitherto been no systematic evidence for the acceleration of particles to gigaelectronvolt or higher energies in a microquasar, with the consequence that we are as yet unsure about the mechanism of jet energization. Here we report four gamma-ray flares with energies above 100 MeV from the microquasar Cygnus X-3 (an exceptional X-ray binary(4-6) that sporadically produces radio jets(7-9)). There is a clear pattern of temporal correlations between the c-ray flares and transitional spectral states of the radio-frequency and X-ray emission. Particle acceleration occurred a few days before radio-jet ejections for two of the four flares, meaning that the process of jet formation implies the production of very energetic particles. In Cygnus X-3, particle energies during the flares can be thousands of times higher than during quiescent states.

引用

页码：620 / 623

页数：4

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