Effect of acute bicarbonate administration on exercise responses of COPD patients

Patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are limited in their exercise tolerance by the level of ventilation ((V) over dot (E)) they can sustain. We determined whether acutely increasing blood bicarbonate levels decreased acid stimulation to the respiratory chemoreceptors during exercise, thereby improving exercise tolerance. Responses were compared with those obtained during 100% O-2 breathing (known to reduce (V) over dot (E) in these patients) and to the responses of healthy young subjects. Participants were six patients with severe COPD (forced expired volume in 1 s = 31 +/- 11% predicted) but without chronic CO2 retention and 5 healthy young subjects. Each subject performed three incremental cycle ergometer exercise tests: 1) control, 2) after ingestion of 0.3 g . kg(-1) of sodium bicarbonate and 3) while breathing 100% O-2. During these tests (V) over dot (E) was measured continuously and arterialized venous blood (patients) or arterial blood (healthy subjects) was sampled serially to assess acid base variables. Bicarbonate loading increased standard bicarbonate by 4-6 mmol . L-1 and this elevation persisted during exercise. In both groups, bicarbonate loading resulted in a substantially higher arterial pH; arterial PCO2 was either unchanged (healthy subjects) or mildly (averaging 5 torr) higher (COPD patients). However, in neither group did bicarbonate loading result in an altered (V) over dot (E) response to exercise or an increase in exercise tolerance. In contrast, superimposing hyperoxia on bicarbonate ingestion yielded, on average, 24% reduction in (V) over dot (E) and 50% increase in peak: work rate in the patients (but not in the healthy young subjects). We conclude that acute bicarbonate loading is not an ergogenic aid in patients with severe COPD.