Liquid culture production of desiccation tolerant blastospores of the bioinsecticidal fungus Paecilomyces fumosoroseus

Liquid media with differing carbon concentrations and carbon-to-nitrogen ratios were tested for production of desiccation tolerant blastospores of Paecilomyces fumosoroseus. While all media tested supported sporulation in submerged culture, high blastospore concentrations (5.8 x 10(8) spores ml(-1)) were produced in media containing 80 g glucose l(-1) and 13.2 g Casamino acids l(-1) (MS medium) and a significantly higher percentage (79%) of these blastospores survived air drying. Media containing glucose concentrations greater than 20 g l(-1) and Casamino acid concentrations between 13.2 and 40 g l(-1) supported maximal production of desiccation tolerant blastospores. All 23 isolates of P. fumosoroseus grown in MS media produced high concentrations of desiccation tolerant blastospores. When stored at 4 degrees C, more than 60% of the lyophilized blastospores produced in MS medium were still viable after 7 months storage while less than 25% of the air-dried blastospores survived after 90 d storage. Standard whitefly bioassays were performed to compare air-dried blastospores of P. fumosoroseus ARSEF 4491 with solid substrate-produced conidia of Beauveria bassiana ARSEF 252. Air-dried blastospores of P. fumosoroseus gave LD(50)s of 60 and 113 blastospores mm(-3) for the silverleaf whitefly (Bemisia argentifolii) in two separate bioassays with potency ratios (LD(50) B. bassiana/LD(50) P. fumosoroseus) of 3.9 and 3.8, respectively. These results have demonstrated that high concentrations of blastospores of P. fumosoroseus can be rapidly produced in liquid culture, remain viable following drying, and infect and kill silverleaf whitefly.