Arm vein conduit is superior to composite prosthetic-autogenous grafts in lower extremity revascularization

Purpose: Various alternative conduits have been used for lower extremity revascularization when an adequate ipsilateral greater saphenous vein is absent. This study compared the effectiveness of all-autogenous multisegment arm vein bypass grafts with that of composite grafts composed of combined prosthetic and autogenous conduits. Methods: One hundred fifty-three lower extremity revascularization procedures per formed between 1990 and 1998 were followed up prospectively using a computerized vascular registry. The grafts were composed of spliced arm vein segments with venovenostomy in 122 and of composite prosthetic-autogenous conduit in 31. Arm vein conduit was prepared by means of intraoperative angioscopy for valve lysis and identification of luminal abnormalities in 47.7% of cases. Results: Bypass graft configurations were as follows: femoropopliteal (12 arm vein, 2 composite); femorotibial (75 arm vein, 23 composite); femoropedal (14 arm vein, 6 composite), and popliteo-tibial/pedal (21 arm vein, 0 composite). The indication for surgery was limb salvage in 98% and disabling daudication in 2% of cases. The mean follow-up was 25.1 months (range, 1 month to 7.9 years). Overall survival at 4 years was 51%. Overall patency and limb salvage rates were as follows: primary patency, at 1 year-arm vein, 76.9% +/- 4.8%; composite, 59.5% +/- 9.6% (P = .02); at 3 years-arm vein, 70.0% +/- 8.0%; composite, 43.7% +/- 12.4% (P < .01); and at 5 years-arm vein, 53.8% +/- 8.7%; composite, 0%; secondary patency, at 1 year-arm vein, 77.5% +/- 4.6%; composite, 59.8% +/- 9.5% (P = .02); at 3 years-arm vein, 70.7% a 7.5%, composite, 44.9% +/- 13.1% (P < .01); at 5 years-arm vein, 57.7% +/- 8.0%; composite, 0%; limb salvage, at 1 year-arm vein, 89.3% +/- 3.7%; composite, 73.9% +/- 8.9% (P < .01); at 3 years-arm vein, 80.5% +/- 7.0%; composite, 49.6% +/- 14.3% (P < .01); at 5 years-arm vein, 76.3% +/- 9.9%; composite, 0%. Conclusion: In this study, multisegment autogenous arm vein was used successfully in a wide variety of lower extremity revascularization procedures and achieved good long-term patency and limb salvage rates, well in excess of those achieved with composite prosthetic-autogenous grafts. The use of autogenous conduit appears to offer superior results to composite conduit in lower extremity revascularization. The superior durability of arm vein makes it one of the alternative conduits of choice when an adequate greater saphenous vein is not available.