A comparison of root surface instrumentation using two piezoelectric ultrasonic scalers and a hand scaler in vivo

Background and Objective: This study compared the effectiveness of two piezoelectric ultrasonic scalers and a hand scaler for subgingival scaling and root planing in vivo. Material and Methods: Fifteen patients with advanced periodontal disease and with teeth scheduled for extraction were selected for this study. Three experimental groups of 10 teeth each were treated with one of two piezoelectric ultrasonic scalers [Vector (TM) scaler and Enac((R)) scaler] or with a hand scaler. Instrumentation was continued until the root surface felt hard and smooth to an explorer tip. The root surface characteristics after instrumentation were examined using scanning electron microscopy, and the amount of remaining calculus, roughness and loss of tooth substance were estimated using the remaining calculus index and roughness loss of tooth substance index. Results: The remaining calculus index did not differ significantly among the three groups. The roughness loss of tooth substance index was significantly lower for the Vector (TM) scaler and Enac((R)) scaler groups than for the hand scaler group and also differed significantly between the Vector (TM) scaler and Enac((R)) scaler groups. Conclusion: This study suggests that the Vector (TM) scaler produces a smooth root surface with minimal loss of tooth substance. It is a reasonable choice for gentle periodontal maintenance treatment.