Investigating social inequalities in exposure to drinking water contaminants in rural areas

被引:31
作者
Delpla, Ianis [1 ]
Benmarhnia, Tarik [2 ]
Lebel, Alexandre [1 ,3 ]
Levallois, Patrick [4 ,5 ]
Rodriguez, Manuel J. [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Laval, Ecole Super Amenagement Terr & Dev Reg ESAD, Quebec City, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada
[2] McGill Univ, Inst Hlth & Social Policy, Montreal, PQ H3A 1A3, Canada
[3] Quebec Heart & Lung Inst, Evaluat Platform Obes Prevent, Quebec City, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada
[4] Inst Natl Sante Publ Quebec, Direct Sante Environm & Toxicol, Quebec City, PQ G1V 5B3, Canada
[5] Ctr Hosp Univ CHU Quebec, Ctr Rech, Axe Sante Populat & Prat Optimales Sante, Quebec City, PQ G1V 2M2, Canada
基金
加拿大自然科学与工程研究理事会;
关键词
Chemical drinking water quality; Environmental justice; Rural areas; DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; AIR-POLLUTION; LEAD-EXPOSURE; HEALTH-RISKS; VARIABILITY; DEPRIVATION; CANADA; CONSUMPTION; DISPARITIES;
D O I
10.1016/j.envpol.2015.08.046
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Few studies have assessed social inequalities in exposure to drinking water contaminants. This study explores this issue in 593 rural municipalities of Quebec, Canada. Quartiles of an ecological composite deprivation index were used as a proxy of socioeconomic status. Total trihalomethanes (TTHMs) and lead were chosen as proxies of chemical drinking water quality. The results show that the majority of deprived rural municipalities apply no treatment to their water (26%) or use a basic treatment (51%), whereas a relative majority of the wealthiest municipalities (40%) use advanced treatment. The proportion of municipalities having important lead (>5 mu g/L) levels is highest in most deprived municipalities. Moreover, most deprived municipalities have a higher risk of high tap lead levels (RR = 1.33; 95% Cl: 1.30, 1.36). Conversely, most deprived municipalities have a lower risk of high TTHMs levels (RR = 0.78; 95%CI: 0.69, 0.86). These findings suggest an environmental inequality in drinking water contaminants distribution in rural municipalities. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:88 / 96
页数:9
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