Source and nature of embryonic stem cells

The originally described method of isolation of mouse ES cells was from implantationnally-delayed blastocysts that were subsequently explanted into tissue culture. The cell colony arising from the ICM proliferation was disaggregated and cultures established on mitotically inactivated fibroblast feeder layers. The use of delayed blastocysts is advantageous, but not essential, and ES cells have been similarly derived by explantation of cleavage-stage embryos and also early embryonic epiblast. ES cells are probably not homologous to ICM cells, but may better match five-day epiblast.