Journalistic evidence: Cross-verification as a constituent of mediated knowledge

Journalists apparently maneuver between their inability to validate every single bit of information and the ramifications of publishing unverified reports. This study is the first attempt to uncover and characterize the reasoning which underlies the journalistic journey from skepticism to knowledge. We draw on the philosophical field of the 'epistemology of testimony' and analyze a robust data set. Data consist of detailed cross-verification measures - a reification of journalistic skepticism - underlying a large sample of individual news items in Israeli print, radio, online, and television news (N=847), following a reconstruction of work processes. Far from being passive recipients of second-hand information, we theorize that reporters make systematic use of 'evidence of (sources') evidence' - a common but previously unarticulated evidence type.