Divergence and conservation of the partitioning and global regulation functions in the central control region of the IncP plasmids RK2 and R751

The central control region (Ctl) of IncP plasmids is associated with two phenotypes: the coordinate expression of replication and transfer genes; and the ability to increase the segregational stability of a low-copy-number test plasmid. This region of the IncP beta plasmid R751 shows significant sequence divergence from the IncP alpha plasmid RK2 sequence, and two genes, korF and korG, present in the IncP alpha region are missing in the IncP beta Ctl. In other respects the organization of the Ctl is basically the same. Although the two key global regulatory genes korA and korB are highly conserved, studies on their ability to repress transcription from a variety of IncP alpha and IncP beta plasmid promoters suggest differences in operator recognition by KorA and synergy with other repressors. The products of kfrA, upf54.8 and upf54.4 genes are conserved; KfrA shows least conservation and, while retaining the ability to act as a transcriptional repressor. appears to have completely different DNA-binding specificity. The genes required for the plasmid segregational stabilization (partitioning) phenotype - incC, korB and the KorB operator O(B)3 - are conserved and contribute to a more efficient plasmid stabilization than the IncP alpha equivalents. This may indicate that the Ctl plays an especially important role in partitioning of IncP beta plasmids, since they lack the second stability region (par/mrs) found in IncP alpha plasmids.