The sensitivity of biological tissue to ultrasound

被引:134
作者
Barnett, SB
Rott, HD
terHaar, GR
Ziskin, MC
Maeda, K
机构
[1] UNIV ERLANGEN NURNBERG,INST HUMANGENET,D-8520 ERLANGEN,GERMANY
[2] ROYAL MARSDEN NHS TRUST,JOINT DEPT PHYS,CANC RES INST,SUTTON,SURREY,ENGLAND
[3] TEMPLE UNIV,SCH MED,RICHARD J FOX CTR BIOMED PHYS,PHILADELPHIA,PA
[4] SEIREI HAMAMATSU GEN HOSP,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,HAMAMATSU,SHIZUOKA,JAPAN
关键词
biological effects; cavitation; diagnostic ultrasound; pulsed ultrasound; blood cells; temperature increase; tissue sensitivity; ultrasound safety; ultrasonic tissue effects;
D O I
10.1016/S0301-5629(97)00027-6
中图分类号
O42 [声学];
学科分类号
070206 ; 082403 ;
摘要
Mammalian tissues have differing sensitivities to damage by physical agents such as ultrasound. This article evaluates the scientific data in terms of known physical mechanisms of interaction and the impact on pre-and postnatal tissues. Actively dividing cells of the embryonic and fetal central nervous system are most readily disturbed. As a diagnostic ultrasound beam envelopes a small volume of tissue, it is possible that the effects of mild disturbance may not be detected unless major neural pathways are involved. There is evidence that ultrasound can be detected by the central nervous system; however, this does not necessarily imply that the bioeffect is hazardous to the fetus. Biologically significant temperature increases can occur at or near to bone in the fetus from the second trimester, if the beam is held stationary for more than 30 s in some pulsed Doppler applications. In this way, sensory organs that are encased in bone may be susceptible to heating by conduction. Reports in animals and humans of retarded growth and development following frequent exposures to diagnostic ultrasound, in the absence of significant heating, are difficult to explain from the current knowledge of ultrasound mechanisms. There is no evidence of cavitation effects occurring in the soft tissues of the fetus when exposed to diagnostic ultrasound; however, the possibility exists that such effects may be enhanced by the introduction of echo-contrast agents. (C) 1997 World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology.
引用
收藏
页码:805 / 812
页数:8
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