A nondiapausing variant of the flesh fly, Sareophaga bullata, that shows arrhythmic adult eclosion and elevated expression of two circadian clock genes, period and timeless

We describe a variant of the flesh fly, Sarcophaga bullata, which fails to enter pupal diapause in response to short daylength and low temperatures. This fly also has an arrhythmic adult eclosion pattern: rather than eclosing in early photophase, the variant ecloses arrhythmically throughout the photophase and scotophase. The loss of both diapause (photoperiodic response) and the gating of adult eclosion (presumably a circadian response) suggests that the same clock system is involved in these two responses. An examination of the expression patterns of the clock genes period and timeless demonstrates that both genes are present in the nondiapausing variant, but surprisingly. both genes are expressed at higher levels. This abnormality we observe, possibly the consequence of all upstream clock gene malfunction or a malfunction of the autoregulatory loop, results in disruption of a component of the clock system that is apparently needed for both photoperiodism and circadian rhythmicity. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.