Inhaled formaldehyde: Exposure estimation, hazard characterization, and exposure-response analysis

被引:79
作者
Liteplo, RG [1 ]
Meek, ME [1 ]
机构
[1] Hlth Canada, Existing Subst Div, Ctr Environm Hlth, Safe Environm Program, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada
来源
JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART B-CRITICAL REVIEWS | 2003年 / 6卷 / 01期
关键词
D O I
10.1080/10937400306480
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Formaldehyde has been assessed as a Priority Substance under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act. Probabilistic estimates of exposure of the general population in Canada to formaldehyde in ambient and indoor air are presented. Critical health effects include sensory irritation and the potential to induce tumors in the upper respiratory tract (the nasal region in rodents and potentially the lungs of humans). The majority of the general population is exposed to airborne concentrations of formaldehyde less than those typically associated with sensory irritation (i.e., 0.1 mg/m(3)). Based primarily upon data derived from laboratory studies, the inhalation of formaldehyde under conditions that induce cytotoxicity and sustained regenerative proliferation within the respiratory tract is considered to present a carcinogenic hazard to humans. At airborne levels for which the prevalence of sensory irritation is minimal (i.e., 0.1 mg/m(3)), risks of respiratory-tract cancers for the general population estimated on the basis of a biologically motivated case-specific model are exceedingly low. This biologically motivated case-specific model incorporates two-stage clonal expansion and is supported by dosimetry calculations from computational fluid dynamics analyses of formaldehyde flux in various regions of the nose and single-path modeling for the lower respiratory tract. The degree of confidence in the underlying database and uncertainties in estimates of exposure and in characterization of hazard and dose response are delineated.
引用
收藏
页码:85 / 114
页数:30
相关论文
共 140 条
[1]   THE EFFECT OF FORMALDEHYDE EXPOSURE UPON THE MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM OF MICE [J].
ADAMS, DO ;
HAMILTON, TA ;
LAUER, LD ;
DEAN, JH .
TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY, 1987, 88 (02) :165-174
[2]   PULMONARY-FUNCTION IN WOOD WORKERS EXPOSED TO FORMALDEHYDE - A PROSPECTIVE-STUDY [J].
ALEXANDERSSON, R ;
HEDENSTIERNA, G .
ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH, 1989, 44 (01) :5-11
[3]   RESPIRATORY HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH EXPOSURE TO FORMALDEHYDE AND SOLVENTS IN ACID-CURING PAINTS [J].
ALEXANDERSSON, R ;
HEDENSTIERNA, G .
ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH, 1988, 43 (03) :222-226
[4]  
ANDERSEN I, 1983, FORMALDEHYDE TOXICIT, P155
[5]  
ANDERSEN M, 1999, UNPUB FINAL REPORT R
[6]   MORTALITY OF IRON FOUNDRY WORKERS .3. LUNG-CANCER CASE-CONTROL STUDY [J].
ANDJELKOVICH, DA ;
SHY, CM ;
BROWN, MH ;
JANSZEN, DB ;
LEVINE, RJ ;
RICHARDSON, RB .
JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE, 1994, 36 (12) :1301-1309
[7]  
[Anonymous], 1992, INHAL TOXICOL
[8]   ONE-YEAR INHALATION TOXICITY STUDY OF FORMALDEHYDE IN MALE-RATS WITH A DAMAGED OR UNDAMAGED NASAL-MUCOSA [J].
APPELMAN, LM ;
WOUTERSEN, RA ;
ZWART, A ;
FALKE, HE ;
FERON, VJ .
JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY, 1988, 8 (02) :85-90
[9]   MICRONUCLEATED CELLS IN NASAL-MUCOSA OF FORMALDEHYDE-EXPOSED WORKERS [J].
BALLARIN, C ;
SARTO, F ;
GIACOMELLI, L ;
BARTOLUCCI, GB ;
CLONFERO, E .
MUTATION RESEARCH, 1992, 280 (01) :1-7
[10]  
BARDANA EJ, 1991, ANN ALLERGY, V66, P441