Sequencing the entire genomes of free-living organisms: The foundation of pharmacology in the new millennium

The power and effectiveness of clinical pharmacology are about to be transformed with a speed that earlier in this decade could not have been foreseen even by the most astute visionaries. In the very near future, we will have at our disposal the reference DNA sequence for the entire human genome, estimated to contain approximately 3.5 billion bp. At the same time, the science of whole genome sequencing is fostering the computational science of bioinformatics needed to develop practical applications for pharmacology and toxicology. Indeed, it is Likely that pharmacology, toxicology, bioinformatics, and genomics will merge into a new branch of medical science for studying and developing pharmaceuticals from molecule to bedside.