Influence of adverse soil conditions on the formation and function of Arbuscular mycorrhizas

被引:184
作者
Entry, JA
Rygiewicz, PT
Watrud, LS
Donnelly, PK
机构
[1] ARS, USDA, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, E Kimberly, ID 83343 USA
[2] US EPA, Natl Hlth & environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA
[3] Santa Fe Community Coll, Dept Biol, Santa Fe, NM 87505 USA
来源
ADVANCES IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH | 2002年 / 7卷 / 01期
关键词
arbuscular mycorrhizas; fungi; soil; stress;
D O I
10.1016/S1093-0191(01)00109-5
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 [工学]; 0830 [环境科学与工程];
摘要
The majority of plants have mycorrhizal fungi associated with them. Mycorrhizal fungi are ecologically significant because they form relationships in and on the roots of a host plant in a symbiotic association. The host plant provides the fungus with soluble carbon sources, and the fungus provides the host plant with an increased capacity to absorb water and nutrients from the soil. Adverse conditions are a pervasive feature in both natural and agronomic soils. The soil environment is constantly changing with regard to moisture, temperature and nutrient availability. In addition, soil properties are often manipulated to improve crop yields. in many cases, soils may be contaminated through disposal of chemicals that are toxic to plants and microorganisms. The formation and function of mycorrhizal relationships are affected by edaphic conditions such as soil composition, moisture, temperature, pH, cation exchange capacity, and also by anthropogenic stressors including soil compaction, metals and pesticides. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are of interest for their reported roles in alleviation of diverse soil-associated plant stressors, including those induced by metals and polychlorinated aliphatic and phenolic pollutants. Much mycorrhizal research has investigated the impact of extremes in water, temperature, pH and inorganic nutrient availability on mycorrhizal formation and nutrient acquisition. Evaluation of the efficacy of plant-mycorrhizal associations to remediate soils contaminated with toxic materials deserves increased attention. Before the full potential benefits of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to reclaim contaminated soils can be realized, research advances are needed to improve our understanding of the physiology of mycorrhizae subjected to adverse physical and chemical conditions. This paper will review literature and discuss the implications of soil contamination on formation and function of arbuscular mycorrhizal associations. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:123 / 138
页数:16
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