Varicocele: current concepts in pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment

Varicocele is the most common cause of male factor infertility; however, the exact mechanisms involved are not dear. This article reviews various aspects of varicocele, including an update on anatomy and pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Because of the increased emphasis on the use of assisted reproductive techniques in male factor infertility, a cost analysis and predictive factors for successful outcome are also presented, providing a rationale for the evaluation and treatment of the infertile male.