Effect of micropore topology on the structure and properties of zeolite polymer replicas

Zeolites were used as templates to prepare microporous polymer replicas. Phenol-formaldehyde polymers were synthesized and cured within the channel networks of zeolites Y, beta, and L. Dissolution of the aluminosilicate framework in aqueous HF yields an organic replica that contains <2% aluminosilicate. The zeolite template exerts important topological effects on the structure and physical properties of the replica. Using zeolites Y and beta, which have three-dimensionally interconnected channel structures, the microporosity of the template is reflected in the replica polymer. Pore size distributions are consistent with the predominance of 5-6 Angstrom walls in the parent zeolite. In contrast, complete collapse of the replica, to a give nonporous material, occurs upon removal of the zeolite L template, since the latter has a one-dimensional channel structure. TEM and SEM micrographs also show evidence of collapse in the latter case. Pyrolysis of the zeolite-resin composites at 900 degrees C, and subsequent etching, produces very high surface area, electronically conducting replicas. Under these conditions the zeolite Y replica has markedly lower conductivity than those obtained from beta and L, which have straight channels.