Basophil FcεRI histamine release parallels expression of Src-homology 2-containing inositol phosphatases in chronic idiopathic urticaria

Background: Basophils are implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU). Autoantibodies to the IgE receptor (Fc epsilon RI) and serum histamine releasing activity have been detected in some subjects with CIU, although their role in vivo is unclear. Basophils of patients with CIU have altered Fc epsilon RI-mediated histamine release (HR); however, the mechanism is unknown. In the basophil Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway, protein levels of Src-homology 2-containing-5'-inositol phosphatase (SHIP)-1 are inversely correlated with the release of mediators or releasability. A related phosphatase, SHIP-2, is a negative regulator of monocyte IgG receptor (Fc gamma R) signaling. We hypothesized that SHIP levels are altered in CIU basophils. Methods: Blood basophils were isolated from cold urticaria, CIU, or normal donors, and Fc epsilon RI-dependent and independent HR were quantified. Protein levels of SHIP-1, SHIP-2, spleen tyrosine kinase, and phosphorylated Akt were determined by Western blotting. Subjects' serum was tested for serum histamine releasing activity and anti-Fc epsilon RI alpha antibodies. Results: CIU basophils displayed a bimodal response to anti-IgE activation. One half of CIU subjects' basophils had reductions in anti-IgE-induced HR and were designated nonresponders (CIU NR). CIU NR basophil HR remained diminished at 10-fold to 30-fold higher doses of anti-IgE. CIU anti-IgE responder basophils had HR similar to normal subjects. SHIP-1 and SHIP-2 proteins were increased in CIU NR basophils and were linked to reduced phosphoAkt after anti-IgE stimulation. CIU basophil anti-IgE response was not related to the presence of serologic factors. Conclusion: In CIU basophils, the observed changes in Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway molecule expression may underlie changes in releasability. Clinical implications: Patients with CIU can be segregated on the basis of basophil functional phenotype.