Estimating Taiwan biogenic VOC emission: Leaf energy balance consideration

The goal of the present study is to provide a comprehensive model to estimate biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) in Taiwan. In addition to metrological data, the model consists of (1) 83 land-use patterns, (2) emission factors for various vegetations, (3) energy balance equation to account for leaf temperature, and (4) correction terms for photosynthetically active radiation. The model output includes 4 categories of 33 BVOCs [isoprene, methylbutenol (MBO), 14 species of monoterpenes and 17 other BVOCs]. The results of model verification based on several approaches include: (1) predicted isoprene emission flux correlates relatively good with the observed isoprene concentration (R-2 = 0.66); (2) correlation between leaf temperature and observed isoprene levels is better than that between ambient temperature and isoprene concentrations (R-2 = 0.63 vs. 0.58); (3) model-predicted isoprene fluxes match well with observed 3-day diurnal isoprene concentration variations; and (4) subsequent model-predicted 03 concentrations with the BVOC input obtained in the present study match well than that with previous estimated BVOC data with the observed 6-day diurnal O-3 levels in 8 air quality monitoring stations. Based on the meteorological data in 2000, the total emission of BVOCs in Taiwan was simulated to be about 433,000 ton (33% of total VOCs) of which both isoprene and 14 species of monoterpenes account for about 34%, with 17 species of other BVOCs being 31% and <2% contribution from MBO. Total emissions of BVOCs are higher in lower and medium altitude (300-1000 m) mountain areas with an average of around 15-30 ton km(-2) y(-1). The implication of the other results is also discussed. (c) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.