This paper describes the £120 M UK 'e-Science' (http://www.research-councils.ac.uk/ and http://www.escience-grid.org.uk) initiative and begins by defining what is meant by the term e-Science. The majority of the £120 M, some £75 M, is funding large-scale e-Science pilot projects in many areas of science and engineering. The infrastructure needed to support such projects must permit routine sharing of distributed and heterogeneous computational and data resources as well as supporting effective collaboration between groups of scientists. Such an infrastructure is commonly referred to as the Grid. Apart from £10 M towards a Teraflop computer, the remaining funds, some £35 M, constitute the e-Science 'Core Programme'. The goal of this Core Programme is to advance the development of robust and generic Grid middleware in collaboration with industry. The key elements of the Core Programme will be outlined including details of a UK e-Science Grid testbed. The pilot e-Science projects that have so far been announced are then briefly described. These projects span a range of disciplines from particle physics and astronomy to engineering and healthcare, and illustrate the breadth of the UK e-Science Programme. In addition to these major e-Science projects, the Core Programme is funding a series of short-term e-Science demonstrators across a number of disciplines as well as projects in network traffic engineering and some international collaborative activities. We conclude with some remarks about the need to develop a data architecture for the Grid that will allow federated access to relational databases as well as flat files. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
