The on-orbit calibration of the Fermi Large Area Telescope

被引：133

作者：

Abdo, A. A. ^{[3
,4
]}

Ackermann, M. ^{[1
,2
]}

Ajello, M. ^{[1
,2
]}

Ampe, J. ^{[3
]}

Anderson, B. ^{[5
,6
]}

Atwood, W. B. ^{[5
,6
]}

Axelsson, M. ^{[7
,8
]}

Bagagli, R. ^{[9
]}

Baldini, L. ^{[9
]}

Ballet, J. ^{[10
]}

Barbiellini, G. ^{[11
,12
]}

Bartelt, J. ^{[1
,2
]}

Bastieri, D. ^{[13
,14
]}

Baughman, B. M. ^{[15
]}

Bechtol, K. ^{[1
,2
]}

Bederede, D. ^{[16
]}

Bellardi, F. ^{[9
]}

Bellazzini, R. ^{[9
]}

Belli, F. ^{[17
,18
]}

Berenji, B. ^{[1
,2
]}

Bisello, D. ^{[13
,14
]}

Bissaldi, E. ^{[19
]}

Bloom, E. D. ^{[1
,2
]}

Bogaert, G. ^{[20
]}

Bogart, J. R. ^{[1
,2
]}

Bonamente, E. ^{[21
,22
]}

Borgland, A. W. ^{[1
,2
]}

Bourgeois, P. ^{[16
]}

Bouvier, A. ^{[1
,2
]}

Bregeon, J. ^{[9
]}

Brez, A. ^{[9
]}

Brigida, M. ^{[23
,24
,25
]}

Bruel, P. ^{[20
]}

Burnett, T. H. ^{[26
]}

Busetto, G. ^{[13
,14
]}

Caliandro, G. A. ^{[23
,24
,25
]}

Cameron, R. A. ^{[1
,2
]}

Campell, M. ^{[1
,2
]}

Caraveo, P. A. ^{[27
]}

Carius, S. ^{[28
]}

Carlson, P. ^{[8
,29
]}

Casandjian, J. M. ^{[10
]}

Cavazzuti, E. ^{[30
]}

Ceccanti, M. ^{[9
]}

Cecchi, C. ^{[21
,22
]}

Charles, E. ^{[1
,2
]}

Chekhtman, A. ^{[3
,31
]}

Cheung, C. C. ^{[32
]}

Chiang, J. ^{[1
,2
]}

Chipaux, R. ^{[33
,34
]}

机构：

[1] Stanford Univ, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA

[2] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA

[3] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA

[4] Natl Acad Sci, Natl Res Council Res Associate, Washington, DC 20001 USA

[5] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA

[6] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA

[7] Stockholm Univ, Dept Astron, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden

[8] AlbaNova, Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmo Particle Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden

[9] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy

[10] Univ Paris Diderot, Lab AIM, CEA Saclay, CEA IRFU,CNRS,Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France

[11] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy

[12] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy

[13] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy

[14] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy

[15] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA

[16] CEA Saclay, IRFU Dir, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France

[17] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy

[18] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy

[19] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany

[20] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France

[21] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy

[22] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy

[23] Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy

[24] Politecn Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy

[25] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy

[26] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA

[27] Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, INAF, I-20133 Milan, Italy

[28] Univ Kalmar, Sch Pure & Appl Nat Sci, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden

[29] Royal Inst Technol KTH, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden

[30] ASI, Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Frascati, Italy

[31] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA

[32] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA

[33] CEA Saclay, IRFU, Serv Phys Particules, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France

[34] CEA Saclay, IRFU SEDI, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France

[35] Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Phys Theor & Astroparticules, Montpellier, France

[36] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden

[37] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA

[38] Stellar Solut Inc, Palo Alto, CA 94306 USA

[39] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy

[40] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Grp Coll Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy

[41] Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, UMR 5797, F-33175 Gradignan, France

[42] ATK Space Prod, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA

[43] Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, UMR 5797, F-33175 Gradignan, France

[44] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan

[45] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA

[46] Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA

[47] Orbital Network Engn, Cupertino, CA 95014 USA

[48] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro, Tokyo 1528551, Japan

[49] Waseda Univ, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698050, Japan

[50] UPS, CNRS, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France

来源：

ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS | 2009年 / 32卷 / 3-4期

关键词：

GLAST; Fermi; FGST; LAT; Telescope; Gamma-ray; Calibrations; BEAM TEST; DETECTOR; READOUT; DESIGN; MODEL;

D O I：

10.1016/j.astropartphys.2009.08.002

中图分类号：

P1 [天文学];

学科分类号：

0704 ;

摘要：

The Large Area Telescope (LAT) on-board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope began its on-orbit operations on June 23, 2008. Calibrations, defined in a generic sense, correspond to synchronization of trigger signals, optimization of delays for latching data, determination of detector thresholds, gains and responses, evaluation of the perimeter of the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA), measurements of live time, of absolute time, and internal and spacecraft boresight alignments. Here we describe on-orbit calibration results obtained using known astrophysical sources, galactic cosmic rays, and charge injection into the front-end electronics of each detector. Instrument response functions will be described in a separate publication. This paper demonstrates the stability of calibrations and describes minor changes observed since launch. These results have been used to calibrate the LAT datasets to be publicly released in August 2009. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

引用

页码：193 / 219

页数：27

共 30 条

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