How does fire affect the nature and stability of soil organic nitrogen and carbon? A review

被引:695
作者
Knicker, Heike [1 ]
机构
[1] Tech Univ Munich, Lehrstuhl Bodenkunde, D-85350 Munich, Germany
关键词
pyrolysis; charcoal; black carbon; black nitrogen; aromatic; alkyl;
D O I
10.1007/s10533-007-9104-4
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
After vegetation fires considerable amounts of severely or partly charred necromass (referred to here as char) are incorporated into the soil, with long-term consequences for soil C and N dynamics and thus N availability for primary production and C and N transport within the soil column. Considering results reported in the pyrolysis literature in combination with those obtained from controlled charring of plant material and soil organic matter (SOM), it has become clear that common models claiming char as a graphite-like material composed mainly of highly condensed polyaromatic clusters may be oversimplified. Instead, I suggest a concept in which char is a heterogeneous mixture of heat-altered biopolymers with domains of relatively small polyaromatic clusters, but considerable substitution with N, O and S functional groups. Such a concept allows fast oxidation facilitating both microbial attack and dissolution. Although, char is commonly believed to degrade more slowly than litter, over the long term and under oxic conditions, char may degrade to an extent that it becomes indistinguishable from naturally formed SOM. Oxygen depletion or environments with low microbial activity may be necessary for char to survive without major chemical alteration and in considerable amounts for millennia or longer.
引用
收藏
页码:91 / 118
页数:28
相关论文
共 171 条
[1]  
ALMENDROS G, 1992, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V118, P63, DOI 10.1016/0048-9697(92)90073-2
[2]   Rearrangement of carbon and nitrogen forms in peat after progressive thermal oxidation as determined by solid-state 13C and 15N-NMR spectroscopy [J].
Almendros, G ;
Knicker, H ;
González-Vila, FJ .
ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY, 2003, 34 (11) :1559-1568
[3]   FIRE-INDUCED TRANSFORMATION OF SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER FROM AN OAK FOREST - AN EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH TO THE EFFECTS OF FIRE ON HUMIC SUBSTANCES [J].
ALMENDROS, G ;
GONZALEZVILA, FJ ;
MARTIN, F .
SOIL SCIENCE, 1990, 149 (03) :158-168
[4]   EFFECTS OF FIRE ON HUMIC AND LIPID FRACTIONS IN A DYSTRIC XEROCHREPT IN SPAIN [J].
ALMENDROS, G ;
MARTIN, F ;
GONZALEZVILA, FJ .
GEODERMA, 1988, 42 (02) :115-127
[5]   Tropical savannah woodland: effects of experimental fire on soil microorganisms and soil emissions of carbon dioxide [J].
Andersson, M ;
Michelsen, A ;
Jensen, M ;
Kjoller, A .
SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY, 2004, 36 (05) :849-858
[6]   Temporal changes in soil aggregates and water erosion after a wildfire in a Mediterranean pine forest [J].
Andreu, V ;
Imeson, AC ;
Rubio, JL .
CATENA, 2001, 44 (01) :69-84
[7]  
[Anonymous], 1976, ECOL B
[8]  
[Anonymous], P S ENV CONS FIR FUE
[9]  
Ansley RJ, 2002, ECOL APPL, V12, P948
[10]   CHARACTERIZATION OF HUMIC ACIDS FROM TERMITE MOUNDS AND SURROUNDING SOILS, KENYA [J].
ARSHAD, MA ;
SCHNITZER, M ;
PRESTON, CM .
GEODERMA, 1988, 42 (3-4) :213-225