Regulatory properties of the NH2- and COOH-terminal domains of troponin T - ATPase activation and binding to troponin I and troponin C

The contraction of skeletal muscle is regulated by Ca2+ binding to troponin C, which results in an internal reorganization of the interactions within the troponin-tropomyosin complex. Troponin T is necessary for Ca2+ dependent inhibition and activation of actomyosin. Troponin T consists of an extended NH2-terminal domain that interacts with tropomyosin and a globular COOH-terminal domain that interacts with tropomyosin, troponin I, and troponin C. In this study we used recombinant troponin T and troponin I fragments to delimit further the structural and regulatory interactions with the thin filament. Our results show the following: (i) the NH2-terminal region of troponin T activates the actomyosin ATPase in the presence of tropomyosin; (ii) the interaction of the globular domain of troponin T with the thin filament blocks ATPase activation in the absence of Ca2+; and (iii) the COOH-terminal region of the globular domain anchors the troponin C-troponin I binary complex to troponin T through a direct Ca2+-independent interaction with the NH2-terminal region of troponin I. This interaction is required for Ca2+-dependent activation of the actomyosin ATPase activity. Based on these results we propose a refined model for the troponin complex and its interaction with the thin filament.