Long-term improvement in renal function after cyclosporine reduction in renal transplant recipients with histologically proven chronic cyclosporine nephropathy

Background. Chronic cyclosporine (CsA) nephropathy, which has been unequivocally documented in recipients of heart, heart-lung, liver, or bone marrow transplants, as well as in nontransplant situations, usually results in a progressive deterioration of renal function, In this study, we assessed the potential reversibility of chronic CsA nephropathy in renal transplant recipients, Patients and Methods, Twenty-three renal transplant patients with biopsy-proven CsA nephropathy associated with long-term CsA administration (27+/-4 months) were followed up for more than 2 years after CsA reduction (18/23 patients) or withdrawal (5/23 patients) and addition of azathioprine, Changes in effective renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate were assessed before and 2 years after CsA reduction, whereas serum creatinine, proteinuria, blood pressure, and CsA concentrations were monitored up to 5 years, Results, At a-year follow-up, glomerular filtration rate increased from 40+/-3 to 47+/-4 (P<0.05) and effective renal plasma flow from 217+/-23 to 244+/-24 ml/min/1.73 m(2) (NS). Mean arterial pressure significantly decreased from 98.7+/-2.9 to 93.1+/-2.7 mmHg (P<0.05). There was no significant change in renal vascular resistance, filtration fraction, or albumin excretion, A significant decrease in serum creatinine was also observed during the whole follow-up (73+/-6.5 months), CsA reduction was followed by only one episode of acute reversible rejection; chronic rejection developed in three patients 2 years or later after CsA reduction, Conclusions, These data suggest that CsA nephropathy participates in graft dysfunction in a small group of renal transplant recipients, In addition, graft dysfunction may be reversible when CsA dosage is reduced early after diagnosis of chronic CsA nephropathy.