Effects of two continuous hormone therapy regimens on C-reactive protein and homocysteine

Objective: To compare the effects of two continuous hormone therapy (HT) regimens on the cardiovascular risk markers, C-reactive protein (CRP) and homocysteine. Design: A prospective study in which 43 postmenopausal women were randomly assigned to either tibolone 2.5 mg/day (n = 20) or 0.625 mg/day conjugated equine estrogens (CEE) plus continuous medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) 5 mg/day (n = 23). Serum levels of CRP, homocysteine, vitamin B-12, and folate were determined before and during 12 weeks of therapy. Results: C-reactive protein levels were increased by tibolone (76%; P < 0.001) and CEE+MPA (81%; P < 0.001). Neither tibolone nor CEE+MPA had any significant effect on homocysteine levels, but there was a significant difference between the effects of treatment over time (P = 0.046). Both tibolone and CEE+MPA reduced vitamin B-12 levels (11%; P < 0.001, and 8%; P < 0.01, respectively), but had no statistically significant effect on folate levels. Individual changes in homocysteine levels were negatively associated with changes in vitamin B12 levels (r = -0.68; P < 0.01) after tibolone therapy. Conclusion: Both tibolone and CEE plus MPA increased CRP levels and reduced levels of vitamin B-12. Neither therapy had any significant effect on homocysteine levels. Further long-term studies into the effect of HRT on these markers, and the relationship to cardiovascular disease risk, are required.