Effects of glucose oxidase or lipase addition on dough consistency and oxygen consumption during mixing of unyeasted flour dough

Addition of glucose oxidase enhances dough oxygen consumption and promotes transient peaks of consistency. The delay of apparition of these peaks is shortened with increasing amounts of glucose oxidase added, with the amount of glucose added and with the peroxidase activity. Conversely, the delay of apparition of these peaks increases with increasing amounts of free ferulic acid added to the flour and when catalase activity is added to the dough. Results are discussed by hypothesizing that the glucose oxidase activity in the dough produces hydrogen peroxide and enhances peroxidase activity. This latter enzyme would catalyse macromolecular cross-linking by phenolic linkages. Addition of exogenous lipase promotes both dough consistency and dough oxygen consumption during mixing. Results are in agreement with the fact that lipase activity in the dough increases the polyunsaturated free fatty acid concentration, enhancing the flour endogenous lipoxygenase activity.