Caregiver burden as a short-term predictor of weight loss in older outpatients suffering from mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease: A three months follow-up study

Objective: To determine if caregiver burden (CB) can be an independent predictive factor of weight loss at three months in older outpatients suffering from mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD) and living at home. Method: Prospective cohort study involving 105 subjects aged 70 years or more, affected by mild to moderate AD and living at home with the assistance of at least one informal caregiver, who consecutively underwent a multidimensional geriatric assessment. Body weight was re-evaluated at a three month follow-up, from December 2008 to April 2009. Those who experienced a weight loss greater than 3% of the baseline weight constituted the 'weight loss' group. Results: Out of the 97 older participants attending follow-up, 22 (23%) had experienced a weight loss 3%. At a multivariate logistic regression analysis, a greater CB at baseline, defined by a score of the caregiver burden inventory scale in the highest tertile (i.e. 36+ out of 96), turned out to predict weight loss at three months (odds ratio (OR) 13.93, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.91-101.33, p = 0.009), independently of other factors associated with the 'weight loss' group such as age, functional dependence and the risk of malnutrition estimated by means of the Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF). Conclusion: For older outpatients affected by mild to moderate AD and living at home, CB constitutes a risk factor for weight loss even in the short-term, independently of other factors such as the risk of malnutrition assessed by means of the MNA-SF.