A self-determination theory approach to the study of intentions and the intention-behaviour relationship in children's physical activity

Objectives. Based on self-determination theory, the present paper investigates relationships between behavioural regulations of physical activity in a school setting with intentions to exercise and actual exercising in leisure time. Moderating effects of personal experience of intentions (autonomous vs. controlled intentions) on the relationship between intentions to exercise and actual exercising in leisure time were also examined. Design. A prospective study assessing psychological variables two weeks apart. Method. Self-report questionnaires distributed to children in two private and one state school. Assessments included five types of regulation of physical activities in school, intentions to exercise, subjective experience of intentions ('integrated intentions') and actual exercising during leisure time. Final N = 100. Results. Consistency of intentions to exercise in leisure time and consistency between intentions to exercise and actual exercising in leisure time were a function of both controlling and autonomous forms of regulation of physical activity in schools. Intentions to exercise predicted actual exercising in leisure time when intentions were experienced as autonomous and not as controlled. Conclusions. Adherence to the health behaviour of exercising can be promoted by supporting autonomy and avoiding control of the behaviour in children. The integration of self-determination theory with social-cognitive theories of social action can result in a more elaborated understanding of social and health behaviours.