The emission of electromagnetic waves during the coalescence of two parallel current loops in solar flares

We investigate the emission process of electromagnetic waves during the coalescence of two parallel current loops with counterhelicity. It is shown that the jetlike electrons accelerated during the coalescence process excite the electron Bernstein waves because of the interaction between the energetic electrons and the magnetic fields surrounding two current loops. In the interaction region there appears a thin density gap, from which the electromagnetic waves propagate perpendicular to the magnetic field as extraordinary electromagnetic waves (X-mode). We found that the electron Bernstein waves in the high-density plasma are converted to the X-mode in the low-density plasma through the linear mode conversion process because of the density inhomogeneity.