Management of ocular thermal and chemical injuries, including amniotic membrane therapy

Purpose of review To provide a concise review of the literature regarding potential management strategies of ocular thermal and chemical injuries. Recent findings After experiencing a serious ocular surface burn, either thermal or chemical, the goal of therapy is to restore a normal ocular surface and corneal clarity. If extensive corneal scarring and/or limbal stem cell deficiency are present, techniques such as limbal stem cell grafting, amniotic membrane transplantation and possibly a keratoprosthesis can be employed to help restore vision. This article will review the literature available and discuss how these techniques have improved the prognosis of patients with serious thermal and chemical injuries. Summary Ocular thermal and chemical injuries are a true ocular emergency and require immediate and intensive evaluation and treatment. The sequelae of an ocular burn can be severe and particularly challenging to manage. Improvements in the understanding of the pathophysiology of a radiant energy or chemical injury as well as advancements in ocular surface reconstruction have provided hope for patients in whom would otherwise have a dismal visual prognosis.