Ecoepidemiology of urban schistosomiasis in Itamaraca Island, Pernambuco, Brazil

Introduction In 1988, 22 autochthonous cases from accidental exposure were registered in Forte Orange beach, Itamaraca Island Pernambuco, Brazil. All cases occurred in middle-to-upper class individuals who were vacationing in the island. After the cases were identified, the major objective was to find breading sites of schistosomiasis vectors and correlate the biological factors with the environmental conditions. Methods The environmental characteristics of the beach before human occupation were obtained from several documents. Also, a one-year malacological survey was conducted with monthly collection of mollusks, and the determination of their infectivity rates. Results/Conclusions The malacological survey was able to identify 20 breading sites of Biomphalaria glabrata and 28 capture station were set up. Snails were collected and examined each month throughout a whole year. The results show a seasonal variation in the mollusk population density associated with infection rates and types of breading sites. The importance of this new epidemiological profile of schistosomiasis in the State of Pernambuco relies on the fact that it can be related with the drastic human interference on the environment. Ecological, environmental , and demographic factors as well as the epidemiological characteristics of the disease have social and economic repercussions.