Occurrence and persistence of perfluorooctanesulfonate and other perfluorinated surfactants in groundwater at a fire-training area at Wurtsmith Air Force Base, Michigan, USA

被引:300
作者
Moody, CA
Hebert, GN
Strauss, SH
Field, JA [1 ]
机构
[1] Colorado State Univ, Dept Chem, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA
[2] Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
[3] Oregon State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
来源
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING | 2003年 / 5卷 / 02期
关键词
D O I
10.1039/b212497a
中图分类号
O65 [分析化学];
学科分类号
070302 ; 081704 ;
摘要
Various formulations of fire-extinguishing materials, including aqueous film-forming foams (AFFFs), were used as part of fire-training exercises conducted at Wurtsmith Air Force Base (WAFB) in northeastern Michigan from the 1950s until the base was decommissioned in 1993. As a result of past fire-training exercises. AFFF-laden wastewater containing fuels, solvents, and other materials directly entered groundwater without prior treatment. Perfluorinated surfactants are key components in some AFFF formulations. In this study groundwater vas analyzed for perfluoroalkanesulfonates and perfluorocarboxylates. Perfluoralkanesulfonates were directly detected using negative-ion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Derivatized perfluorocarboxylates were detected using electron impact gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Groundwater from wells around fire-training area FTA-02 at WAFB contained four perfluorinated surfactants ranging in concentration from 3 to 120 mug L (1): perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS): perfluorohexanesulfonate: perfluorooctanoate: and perfluorohexanoate. This is the first report demonstrating that PFOS. recently shown to be toxic to organisms ranging From zooplankton to primates. is still present in groundwater in measurable quantities five or more years after its last known use.
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页码:341 / 345
页数:5
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