Emerging roles of PGE2 receptors in models of neurological disease

被引:164
作者
Andreasson, Katrin [1 ]
机构
[1] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol & Neurol Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
关键词
COX-2; PGE(2); EP1; receptor; EP2; EP3; EP4; Excitotoxicity; Cerebral ischemia; Inflammation; Alzheimer's disease (AD); Parkinson's disease (PD); Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS); PROSTAGLANDIN EP3 RECEPTOR; NONSTEROIDAL ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS; NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; ADHESION MOLECULE EXPRESSION; NEURONAL OXIDATIVE DAMAGE; MOTOR-NEURONS; TNF-ALPHA; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; E-2; RECEPTORS; RAT-BRAIN;
D O I
10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2009.04.003
中图分类号
Q5 [生物化学]; Q7 [分子生物学];
学科分类号
071010 ; 081704 ;
摘要
This review presents an overview of the emerging field of prostaglandin signaling in neurological diseases, focusing on PGE(2) signaling through its four E-prostanoid (EP) receptors. A large number of studies have demonstrated a neurotoxic function of the inducible cyclooxygenase COX-2 in a broad spectrum of neurological disease models in the central nervous system (CNS), from models of cerebral ischemia to models of neurodegeneration and inflammation. Since COX-1 and COX-2 catalyze the first committed step in prostaglandin synthesis, an effort is underway to identify the downstream prostaglandin signaling pathways that mediate the toxic effect of COX-2. Recent epidemiologic studies demonstrate that chronic COX-2 inhibition can produce adverse cerebrovascular and cardiovascular effects, indicating that some prostaglandin signaling pathways are beneficial. Consistent with this concept, recent studies demonstrate that in the CNS, specific prostaglandin receptor signaling pathways mediate toxic effects in brain but a larger number appear to mediate paradoxically protective effects. Further complexity is emerging, as exemplified by the PGE(2) EP2 receptor, where cerebroprotective or toxic effects of a particular prostaglandin signaling pathway can differ depending on the context of cerebral injury, for example, in excitotoxicity/hypoxia paradigms versus inflammatory-mediated secondary neurotoxicity. The divergent effects of prostaglandin receptor signaling will likely depend on distinct patterns and dynamics of receptor expression in neurons, endothelial cells, and glia and the specific ways in which these cell types participate in particular models of neurological injury. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:104 / 112
页数:9
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